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Experimental research tool. Not medical, career, or professional advice. No warranty. See methodology.

Pathology

Microscopic and molecular diagnosis. The doctor's doctor.

What this specialty is

Pathologists interpret tissue biopsies, fine needle aspirates, cytology, autopsies, and increasingly genomic data. Subspecialty workflows are very different: surgical path is sign-out and frozen sections, hematopathology is bone marrow and lymph nodes, dermpath is dermatology cases. Clinical pathology covers blood bank, microbiology, lab medicine.

Lifestyle & practice

Among the better lifestyles. Hours 45 to 55, predictable schedule, minimal call, reading-heavy workdays. Compensation $250k to $350k generalist, higher for derm and heme. Job market has tightened; training in a subspecialty is now expected.

Common fellowship paths

HematopathologyDermatopathology (combined with Dermatology)CytopathologySurgical PathologyForensic PathologyMolecular Genetic PathologyPediatric PathologyNeuropathologyBlood Banking / Transfusion Medicine
Quick facts
Residency length
4 years AP/CP, often + fellowship
Median comp
$300k to $400k
Resources to learn more

High-signal external links curated for residents and applicants.

Market· 2026 cycle (NRMP Match Results)

Positions

628

All applicants

942

Seats / app

0.67

Per-pool matched-applicant means· 2024 cycle

From NRMP Charting Outcomes 2024 (most recent biennial publication). Source PDFs: MD Seniors / DO Seniors / IMG. NRMP publishes Charting Outcomes every other year, so this should refresh in early 2026 with the 2025 cycle data.

PoolStep 1Step 2PubsResearchAOA %n
MD_seniors2352478.43.18.9213
DO_seniors2382456.32.170
US_IMG22223510.12.347
Non_US_IMG23224012.12.7140
Charting Outcomes match rates over time· 20182024 cycles

Per-applicant-type match rates and mean Step scores published by NRMP every two years. Each row is one applicant pool in one cycle. Step scores reflect what matched applicants in that cycle achieved, not what programs require today.

YearTypeMatch rateMatched (n)Step 1Step 2
2024MD_Senior95.1%213235247
2024DO_Senior83.3%70245
2024IMG44.8%47235
2022MD_Senior98.4%181233245
2022IMG49.5%51219228
2020MD_Senior95.3%182233242
2020DO_Senior94.9%56220234
2018MD_Senior98.0%194233242
2018IMG65.7%65226230
Applicant pool mixture
PoolShare
MD_seniors32.6%
DO_seniors11.2%
US_IMG13.7%
Non_US_IMG42.5%